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PARAM is a series of supercomputers designed and assembled by the Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC) in Pune, India. The latest machine in the series is the PARAM Yuva II.The project was given an initial run of 3 years and an initial funding of 300,000,000
. Because the same amount of money and time was usually expended to purchase a supercomputer from the US. In 1990, a prototype was produced and was benchmarked at the 1990 Zurich Supercomputering Show. It surpassed most other systems, placing India second after US.The final result of the effort was the PARAM 8000, which was installed in 1991. It is considered India's first supercomputer.
PARAM SERIES:
PARAM 8000:
PARAM 8000 used Inmos 8000 transputers. It had 64 CPUs. Transputers were fairly new and innovative microprocessor architecture designed for parallel processing at the time.
PARAM 8600:
PARAM 8600 was an improvement over PARAM 8000.It was a 256 CPU computer.For every four Inmos 8000, it employed an Intel i860coprocessor.The result was over 5 GFLOPS at peak for vector processing. Several of these models were exported.It is Asia's fastest and world's 4th fastest super computer.....
PARAM 9900/SS:
PARAM 9900/SS was designed to be a MPP system. It used the SuperSPARC II processor. The design was changed to be modular so that newer processors could be easily accommodated. Typically, it used 32-40 processors. But, it could be scaled up to 200 CPUs using the clos network topology. PARAM 9900/US was the UltraSPARC variant and PARAM 9900/AA was the DEC Alpha variant.
PARAM 10000:
In 1998, the PARAM 10000 was unveiled. PARAM 10000 used several independent nodes, each based on the Sun Enterprise 250 server and each such server contained two 400Mhz UltraSPARC II processors. The base configuration had three compute nodes and a server node. The peak speed of this base system was 6.4 GFLOPS. A typical system would contain 160 CPUs and be capable of 100 GFLOPS But, it was easily scalable to the TFLOP range.
PARAM Padma:
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| PARAM PADMA |
It had a peak speed of 1024 GFLOPS (about 1 TFLOP) and a peak storage of 1 TB. It used 248 IBM Power4CPUs of 1 GHz each. The operating system was IBM AIX 5.1L. It used PARAMnet II as its primary interconnect. It was the first Indian supercomputer to break the 1 TFLOP barrier.
PARAM Yuva:
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PARAM Yuva |
It has a maximum sustainable speed (Rmax) of 38.1 TFLOPS and a peak speed (Rpeak) of 54 TFLOPS. There are 4608 cores in it, based on Intel 73XX of 2.9 GHz each. It has a storage capacity of 25 TB up to 200 TB. It uses PARAMnet 3 as its primary interconnect.
PARAM Yuva II:
1.Param Yuva II was made by Centre for Development of Advanced Computing in a period of three months, at a cost of 16 crore (US$3 million), and was unveiled on 8 February 2013.
16 crore (US$3 million), and was unveiled on 8 February 2013. |
| YUVA 2 |
2. It performs at a peak of 524 teraflops and consumes 35% less energy as compared to Param Yuva.
3.It delivers sustained performance of 360.8 teraflops on the community standard Linpack benchmark, and would have been ranked 62 in the November 2012 ranking list of Top500. In terms of power efficiency, it would have been ranked 33rd in the November 2012 List of Top Green 500 supercomputers of the world.
4. It is the first Indian supercomputer achieving more than 500 teraflops.
(Param Yuva II will be used for research in space, bioinformatics, weather forecasting, seismic data analysis, aeronautical engineering, scientific data processing and pharmaceutical development. Educational institutes like the Indian Institutes of Technology and National Institutes of Technology can be linked to the computer through the national knowledge network. This computer is a stepping stone towards building the future petaflop-range supercomputers in India)
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